The Relation of the Dietary Fat-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the relation of the dietary fat with the risk of the Cardiovascular disease. Answer: Introduction The relation of the dietary fat with the risk of the cardiovascular disease has been studied by using different approaches. These approaches include the controlled feeding studies. The approaches are surrogated, for example plasma lipid. The dietary fatty acids have the important role in case of the causes of cardio vascular disease (Schwab et al., 2014). Trans fatty acids of the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil has adverse effect on the heart and causes serious heart problems such as cardio vascular disease and coronary heart disease. The rate heart can be reduced when the trans fatty acid consumption can be reduced (Lachhiramka Patil, 2016). Moreover, the saturated fat needs to be replaced by the unsaturated fats like mono and ploy unsaturated fat. However, the carbohydrate can replace the people who have prone to cardio vascular disease needs to avoid the fat consumption and it. The consumption of egg can be avoided to reduce the adverse effect of cholesterol on the cardio va scular disease (Estruch et al., 2013). Rationale The present issue is the consumption of fat and cholesterol, which has a negative effect on the health. This can cause dangerous health issues such as cardio vascular disease, coronary heart attack, and chronic heart disease (Michas, Micha Zampelas, 2014). Intake of dietary saturated fat can help to reduce the low- density lipoprotein and cholesterol. Both the factors are associated with the increased the risk of the cardio vascular disease. This can be evident with the inference from the epidemiological studies and the clinical trials. This can lead to the longstanding public health that recommends limiting the saturated fat intake. This can help to prevent the cardio vascular disease. The relationship in between the saturated fat and the cardio vascular disease is controversial. The prospective epidemiology can be limited by the reliance on the nutritional assessment that helps to identify the accuracy (Mozaffarian, 2016). The people, who are prone to the cardio vascular risk need s to modify their diet and avoid the foods rich in fat and cholesterol. Material and Methods Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria For the particular study, various inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. For the review purpose, only those article were chosen, which are found in English and the access were full. Some of the key words were used to find out the journals and articles. The key words are trans fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, chronic heart disease, cardio vascular disease, cholesterol, coronary heart attack, epidemiology, and relationship between the diseases. The incomplete articles and journals were excluded. Some of the journals and articles were found in other languages that were excluded. Some articles were found, which were not relevant to the topic and provided irrelevant data. Those articles and journals are excluded. Fig: Prisma Diagram Definition of variables The independent variable is the egg consumption and on the other hand, the dependent variable is the cardio vascular disease as well as the diabetes. The consumption of eggs has significant role in case of muscle formation. However, it increases the risk of the heart disease like cardio vascular disease. Eggs produce approximately 300 mg of cholesterol per day (Mozaffarian Ludwig, 2015). According to Wang, Willett and Hu (2017), a healthy person should not consume more than three hundred mg cholesterol per day. In case of cardio vascular disease, the people should avoid the foods, which are high in cholesterol, and fat. They need to limit their cholesterol intake to 200 mg per day. Eggs contain cholesterol that can affect the patients, who are at the high risk of cardio vascular disease. However, from various studies, it is seen that egg consumption does not have direct effect on the cardio vascular disease. However, the people who are suffering type 2 diabetes have more risk to con sume eggs than the people who are suffering from cardio vascular disease (De Souza et al., 2015). Therefore, people need to be careful about their diet to avoid the risks of severe chronic diseases. Description of statistical analysis From the study, it is known that various models are used to estimate the HRs and 95% of Cls. In the Meta analysis study, the heart rate of cardio vascular disease, stroke, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes as well as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease (Ramsden et al., 2013). In addition, the pooled heart rate over cardio vascular disease, ischemic heart disease was addressed properly. The patient with diabetes and cardio vascular disease was observed and important information was collected. As the numbers of the exposure categories were heterogeneous across the cohorts or the primary study, the standardized consumption of eggs were not included in the study. The result was generated from the different studies of different publication. Most of the studies stated the result of the hemorrhagic stroke as well as ischemic stroke. However, it was not possible to find out the result of total stroke. The new result helped to find out the poole d estimation of the stroke risk. In the study, the heart rates with the 95% Cls over the cardio vascular disease and the mortality rate were pooled (Chomistek et al., 2015). For the statistical analysis, the STATA statistical software was used. The P value of 0.05 was considered as the significant statistical data. Figure 1: Rate of coronary death rate that is plotted against the percentage of calorie intake by saturated fatty acid (Source: Cahill et al., 2014) Figure 2: Mortality from degenerative heart disease (Source: Wang et al., 2014) The national vital statistics from the official sources showed that the fat calories are the percentage of the total calories. This is calculated by the national Food Balance Data in 1949 (Wang et al., 2014). The Nutrition Division, Food, and Agriculture Organization of United Nations calculated this. Ethics: According to the Data Protection Act (1998), the researcher needs to maintain the principles of the ethical guidelines and protect the collected information. The collected data needs to be utilized only in the research work and before collecting the information from the participants, it is necessary to take their consent. Description of criteria to evaluate evidence The age, sex, BMI status, history of hyper cholesterol, alcohol consumption and hypertension are considered as the parameter. It is seen that among the 8000 people every year 1921 people dies from cardio vascular disease every year approximately (Schwab et al. 2014). For the research, different approaches were taken like self- administered questionnaire, telephonic interview, face- to- face interview, online survey, physicians self- reports, and medical records. For the data collection, probability technique was taken as the time was to conduct the research. The prospective epidemiology can be limited by the reliance on the nutritional assessment that helps to identify the accuracy. The people, who are prone to the cardio vascular risk needs to modify their diet and avoid the foods rich in fat and cholesterol. The relation of the dietary fat with the risk of the cardiovascular disease has been studied by using different approaches (Estruch et al., 2013). These approaches include the controlled feeding studies. The approaches are surrogated, for example plasma lipid. The dietary fatty acids have the important role in case of the causes of cardio vascular disease. Result section Classified studies The data collection method was appropriate. For the data collection, various studies were chosen based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The classified studies provide various results and information, which helped to analyze the study topic. From fifferent databases such as Pub Med, NCBI, Science Direct, Cinahl, Charles Darwin University link, and Google scholar. Various results were found from the databases are used. The articles and journals were chosen based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The key words are trans fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, chronic heart disease, cardio vascular disease, cholesterol, coronary heart attack, epidemiology, and relationship between the diseases. For the review purpose, only those article were chosen, which are found in English and the access were full. Some articles were found, which were not relevant to the topic and provided irrelevant data. Description of studies and findings Studies Findings Willett, W. C. (2012). The relation of the dietary fat with the risk of the cardiovascular disease has been studied by using different approaches. These approaches include the controlled feeding studies. For the research study, the research study, participants of both genders are selected. Farvid, M. S., Ding, M., Pan, A., Sun, Q., Chiuve, S. E., Steffen, L. M., ... Hu, F. B. (2015). As the numbers of the exposure categories were heterogeneous across the cohorts or the primary study, the standardized consumption of eggs were not included in the study. Hu, F. B., Satija, A., Rimm, E. B., Spiegelman, D., Sampson, L., Rosner, B., ... Willett, W. C. (2016). The approaches are surrogated, for example plasma lipid. The dietary fatty acids have the important role in case of the causes of cardio vascular disease. For the research study, the research study, participants of both genders are selected. Lachhiramka, P., Patil, S. (2016). The heart rate of cardio vascular disease, stroke, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes as well as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease. In addition, the pooled heart rate over cardio vascular disease, ischemic heart disease was addressed properly. Shin, J. Y., Xun, P., Nakamura, Y., He, K. (2013). The consumption of egg can be avoided to reduce the adverse effect of cholesterol on the cardio vascular disease. These approaches include the controlled feeding studies. The approaches are surrogated, for example plasma lipid. The dietary fatty acids have the important role in case of the causes of cardio vascular disease. . For the research study, the research study, participants of both genders are selected. Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Khalili, H., Konijeti, G. G., Higuchi, L. M., de Silva, P., Fuchs, C. S., ... Chan, A. T. (2014) Intake of dietary saturated fat can help to reduce the low- density lipoprotein and cholesterol. Both the factors are associated with the increased the risk of the cardio vascular disease. Cahill, L. E., Pan, A., Chiuve, S. E., Sun, Q., Willett, W. C., Hu, F. B., Rimm, E. B. (2014) The people, who are prone to the cardio vascular risk needs to modify their diet and avoid the foods rich in fat and cholesterol. People with heart problem, need to take only 200 mg cholesterol per day to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate. . For the research study, the research study, participants of both genders are selected. Boeing, H., Margetts, B. M. (2014). The intake of LDL needs to be reduced, as it is bad for the health. However, from various studies, it is seen that egg consumption does not have direct effect on the cardio vascular disease. Luo, T., Snyder, S. M., Zhao, B., Sullivan, D. K., Hamilton-Reeves, J., Guthrie, G., ... Shay, N. (2016). The carbohydrate can replace the people who have prone to cardio vascular disease needs to avoid the fat consumption and it. Wang, D. D., Leung, C. W., Li, Y., Ding, E. L., Chiuve, S. E., Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C. (2014). Eggs produce approximately 300 mg of cholesterol per day. Eggs contain cholesterol that can affect the patients, who are at the high risk of cardio vascular disease. . For the research study, the research study, participants of both genders are selected. Summary of overall findings Trans fatty acids of the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil has adverse effect on the heart and causes serious heart problems such as cardio vascular disease and coronary heart disease. However, the carbohydrate can replace the people who have prone to cardio vascular disease needs to avoid the fat consumption and it. The prospective epidemiology can be limited by the reliance on the nutritional assessment that helps to identify the accuracy (Wang et al., 2014). However, from various studies, it is seen that egg consumption does not have direct effect on the cardio vascular disease. Therefore, people need to be careful about their diet to avoid the risks of severe chronic diseases. The age, sex, BMI status, history of hyper cholesterol, alcohol consumption and hypertension are considered as the parameter (Michas, Micha Zampelas, 2014). Therefore, people need to be careful about their diet to avoid the risks of severe chronic diseases. The people, who are prone to the cardio vascul ar risk needs to modify their diet and avoid the foods rich in fat and cholesterol. Explanation of conflict results According to Luo et al., (2016) the rate heart can be reduced when the trans fatty acid consumption can be reduced. Moreover, the saturated fat needs to be replaced by the unsaturated fats like mono and ploy unsaturated fat. On the other hand, Boeing and Margetts (2014) argued that egg consumption does not have direct effect on the cardio vascular disease. However, the people who are suffering type 2 diabetes have more risk to consume eggs than the people who are suffering from cardio vascular disease. The people, who are prone to the cardio vascular risk needs to modify their diet and avoid the foods rich in fat and cholesterol. The relation of the dietary fat with the risk of the cardiovascular disease has been studied by using different approaches. Therefore, people need to be careful about their diet to avoid the risks of severe chronic diseases. The prospective epidemiology can be limited by the reliance on the nutritional assessment that helps to identify the accuracy (National Research Council., 2015). Recommendation for future research The relation of the dietary fat with the risk of the cardiovascular disease has been studied by using different approaches. The rate heart can be reduced when the trans fatty acid consumption can be reduced. Moreover, the saturated fat needs to be replaced by the unsaturated fats like mono and ploy unsaturated fat. The consumption of egg can be avoided to reduce the adverse effect of cholesterol on the cardio vascular disease. Intake of dietary saturated fat can help to reduce the low- density lipoprotein and cholesterol. This can lead to the longstanding public health that recommends limiting the saturated fat intake. The prospective epidemiology can be limited by the reliance on the nutritional assessment that helps to identify the accuracy. In this respect, Estruch et al., (2013) stated that the people, who are prone to the cardio vascular risk needs to modify their diet and avoid the foods rich in fat and cholesterol. Moreover, people need to practice the moderate physical exerci se to avoid the health diseases like coronary heart disease and cardio vascular disease. They need to maintain their BMI status, which increases the risk of cardio vascular disease. It can be expected that in future days, the rate of cardio vascular rate will be decreased with the risk of mortality due to cardio vascular disease. Identified gaps The variables can be identified more preciously, which needs to be strong. For the statistical analysis, more evidence based study was necessary. Due to the limited time limit, sufficient amount of data was not collected and the researcher did not get enough time to research about the topic. The key limitation is the lack of appropriate information and evidence. The databases were found with the limited articles and journals. The variables and interactions are experimented for the review. The improvement of data analysis was subjected for interfering of the research bias partiality. For the research study, there was not enough money as the financial support, which limited the access of the articles and journals. Another main limitation of the study was the time- frame of the research. The research did not have enough time so that he could collect the primary data via the qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method. Conclusion: Based on the above discussion and findings, it can be said that percentage of the calories and national death has a strong link. The fat rate from the diet needs to be reduced so that the death rate due to various diseases like cardio vascular disease, coronary disease, diabetes, obesity can be reduced. Various results and the identified gap shoed the reason for which the rate of the of deaths are increasing. It can be expected that the people will follow the dietary guidelines and adopt the healthy practice References Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Khalili, H., Konijeti, G. G., Higuchi, L. M., de Silva, P., Fuchs, C. S., ... Chan, A. T. (2014). Long-term intake of dietary fat and risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.Gut,63(5), 776-784. Boeing, H., Margetts, B. M. (2014). Nutritional epidemiology. InHandbook of Epidemiology(pp. 1659-1703). Springer New York. Cahill, L. E., Pan, A., Chiuve, S. E., Sun, Q., Willett, W. C., Hu, F. B., Rimm, E. B. (2014). 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